Catatan bab mengidentifikasi bagian, hasil, atau dokumen tertentu yang mendukung suatu argumen. Katalog ini menghimpun edisi, studi, catatan teknis, dan sumber perbandingan. Jika akses hanya terbatas pada abstrak, naskah penulis, atau ringkasan penerbit, cakupan yang relevan dinyatakan dalam catatan.
Tanggal penerbitan, revisi, dan konsultasi membedakan bukti yang digunakan. Laporan bertanggal mendukung edisi yang disebutkan; keputusan praktis saat ini juga memerlukan bukti setempat yang mutakhir. Katalog tematis diikuti sumber tambahan yang disusun menurut nama penulis.
Kitab Suci, Saksi Teks, dan Perangkat Leksikal
Aland, Barbara, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th rev.\ ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012. Dikutip sebagai NA28.
Bauer, Walter, Frederick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Dikutip sebagai BDAG.
Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907. Dikutip sebagai BDB; lihat entri tepat yang disebutkan dalam catatan yang khusus membahas klaim.
Elliger, Karl, and Wilhelm Rudolph, eds. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 5th corrected ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997. Dikutip sebagai BHS.
Holmes, Michael W., ed. The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature; Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010. https://www.sblgnt.com/. Dikutip sebagai SBLGNT.
Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Revised by Walter Baumgartner and Johann Jakob Stamm. Translated and edited under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994--2000. Dikutip sebagai HALOT.
Liddell, H. G., Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed.\ with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Dikutip sebagai LSJ; lihat entri tepat yang disebutkan dalam catatan yang khusus membahas klaim.
Rahlfs, Alfred, and Robert Hanhart, eds. Septuaginta: Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. 2nd rev. ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006. Lihat Kebijaksanaan Salomo 1--3 untuk kesaksian Yahudi kuno tentang penciptaan, ketidakbinasaan, kematian, dan penghakiman yang digunakan dalam sintesis mengenai neraka, serta Yudit 16:17 mengenai penafsiran ulat dan api Yesaya sebagai rasa sakit sadar tanpa akhir, yang digunakan dalam Bab 40.
Nickelsburg, George W. E., and James C. VanderKam. 1 Enoch: The Hermeneia Translation. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012. Lihat 22 dan 27 untuk keadaan orang mati yang berbeda-beda sambil menantikan penghakiman dan lembah orang terkutuk.
García Martínez, Florentino, and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, eds. and trans. The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1997--1998. Lihat 1QS III.13--IV.26 untuk Dua Roh, pembentukan, kunjungan, penyucian, penderitaan, dan kebinasaan.
Stone, Michael E. Fourth Ezra: A Commentary on the Book of Fourth Ezra. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990. Lihat 7:26--44 dan 7:75--101 untuk kematian, penyingkapan di antara kematian dan kebangkitan, kebangkitan, penghakiman, ganjaran, dan dunia yang akan datang; karya ini bertahan melalui versi-versi kuno, bukan naskah asli Ibrani atau Yunani lengkap yang masih ada.
Klijn, A. F. J. "2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch: A New Translation and Introduction." In The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1, Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments, edited by James H. Charlesworth, 615--652. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983. Lihat 49--51 untuk pemulihan berwujud yang dapat dikenali, lalu perubahan.
Philo of Alexandria. Every Good Man Is Free. In Philo, vol. 9, translated by F. H. Colson. Loeb Classical Library 363. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1941. Lihat 75--91 untuk laporan tentang penolakan orang Eseni terhadap kepemilikan budak.
Philo of Alexandria. On the Cherubim, 125--127. Yonge translation: https://earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book5.html. Bab 21 membandingkan peran kausal Allah dan Logos yang berbeda dalam bagian ini dengan predikat pencipta yang terakumulasi dalam Kekristenan.
Philo of Alexandria. Flaccus, 83. Terjemahan publik: https://www.earlyjewishwritings.com/text/philo/book36.html. Bab 21 menggunakan pembebasan jenazah orang-orang yang disalibkan kepada kerabatnya pada hari raya sebagai bukti bahwa penguburan dapat diizinkan, sembari mempertahankan sifat khusus peristiwanya.
Josephus, Flavius. Jewish War IV.317 (IV.5.2). Terjemahan oleh William Whiston: https://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/works/files/war-4.htm. Bab 21 menggunakan keprihatinan yang dinyatakan untuk menguburkan orang yang disalibkan sebelum matahari terbenam, dengan membedakan latar apologetik bagian itu dari frekuensi izin yang terukur. Bab 40 menggunakan II.163 untuk uraian orang Farisi tentang jiwa orang jahat.
Porten, Bezalel, and Ada Yardeni, eds. Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt. TAD A4.7, petisi kepada Bagavahya, gubernur Yehuda, mengenai bait YHW yang dihancurkan (407 SM), Berlin P.13495, https://elephantine.smb.museum/objects/object.php?o=100282; dan TAD C3.15, daftar sumbangan dari Elephantine. Terjemahan daftar terakhir oleh Bezalel Porten, kutipan publik: https://www.posenlibrary.com/entry/donors-yhw-and-other-deities-elephantine. Bab 18 membaca pembagian untuk YHW, Eshembethel, dan Anathbethel bersama petisi terpisah tentang bait.
Aḥituv, Shmuel, Esther Eshel, and Ze'ev Meshel. “The Inscriptions.” In Kuntillet Ajrud (Horvat Teman): An Iron Age II Religious Site on the Judah Sinai Border. Israel Exploration Society, 2012. Prasasti 4.1.1, hlm. 105, terjemahan publik dan catatan editorial: https://www.posenlibrary.com/entry/prayer-kuntillet-ajrud. Bab 18 menggunakan seruan kepada YHWH dari Teman dan asherah-nya, dengan mempertahankan identifikasi yang diperdebatkan mengenai yang terakhir.
Gorgias Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Syriac Heritage. “Peshitta,” bagian mengenai asal-usul dan isi Perjanjian Baru. https://gedsh.bethmardutho.org/Peshitta. Bab 24 dan Lampiran C menggunakan isinya yang terdiri atas dua puluh dua kitab untuk membedakan penerimaan umum dari kebulatan suara.
Frayer-Griggs, Daniel. "Neither Proof Text nor Proverb: The Instrumental Sense of διά and the Soteriological Function of Fire in 1 Corinthians 3.15." New Testament Studies 59, no. 4 (2013): 517--534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688513000167.
Institut f\"ur Neutestamentliche Textforschung. Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments and New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room. M\"unster: University of M\"unster. https://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/. Diverifikasi pada 19 Mei 2026.
Sumber Kristen Awal, Patristik, dan Konsili
Athanasius of Alexandria. Against the Heathen. In Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by Robert W. Thomson. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Lihat 2--11 dan 40--42.
Athanasius of Alexandria. Defence of the Nicene Definition (De Decretis). Translated by John Henry Newman and Archibald Robertson. In Select Works and Letters, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat 18--24 dan 32. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2809.htm. Diverifikasi pada 11 Juli 2026.
Athanasius of Alexandria. The Life of Antony and the Letter to Marcellinus. Translated with introduction by Robert C. Gregg. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1980. Lihat Life of Antony 22--43 dan Letter to Marcellinus 12 dan 27--29.
Athanasius of Alexandria. De Incarnatione (On the Incarnation). In Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by Robert W. Thomson. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Lihat 3--10, 20--30, 41--45, dan 54. Teks publik, diterjemahkan oleh Archibald Robertson dalam Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 4 (1892): https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2802.htm. Diverifikasi pada 11 Juli 2026; 43.2--4 dikonsultasikan pada 12 Oktober 2026.
Athanasius of Alexandria. Festal Letter 39. Lihat 5--7 untuk kanon Perjanjian Baru dan pembedaan dari bacaan lain yang dianjurkan. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2806039.htm. Dikonsultasikan pada 5 September 2026.
Athenagoras of Athens. Legatio and De Resurrectione. Edited and translated by William R. Schoedel. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Lihat Plea for the Christians 31 dan 36 yang pasti diatribusikan kepadanya. Lihat juga On the Resurrection of the Dead 12--25, yang dalam naskah ini dikutip sebagai Pseudo-Athenagoras karena kepenulisan risalah tentang kebangkitan itu masih diperdebatkan.
Grant, Robert M. "Athenagoras or Pseudo-Athenagoras." Harvard Theological Review 47, no. 2 (1954): 121--129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000027528. Digunakan untuk menandai, bukan diam-diam menyelesaikan, perdebatan kepenulisan De Resurrectione.
Arnobius of Sicca. The Case Against the Pagans. Translated by George E. McCracken. Ancient Christian Writers 7--8. Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1949. Lihat II.14 untuk hukuman sadar berkepanjangan yang berpuncak pada "kematian nyata." Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/06312.htm. Diverifikasi pada 11 Juli 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. Against Faustus. Translated by Richard Stothert. In St. Augustin: The Writings against the Manichaeans and against the Donatists. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat XXII.74--79.
Augustine of Hippo. Confessions. Translated by Henry Chadwick. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Lihat I.1.1; X.6.8; X.8.12--25.36; dan X.27.38.
Augustine of Hippo. Expositions on the Book of Psalms. Disarikan dari terjemahan Oxford dan disunting oleh A. Cleveland Coxe. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat 94.2 dan 140.2--4.
Augustine of Hippo. The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Love. Diterjemahkan oleh J. F. Shaw. Dalam Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 3, disunting oleh Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887; dicetak ulang, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat 68--69 untuk batas dasar Kristus bagi keselamatan melalui api, dan 105--107 untuk kebebasan yang disempurnakan serta pertolongan ilahi. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1302.htm. Bagian 105--107 dirujuk pada 8 September 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. On Baptism, Against the Donatists, II.3.4--4.5. Diterjemahkan oleh J. R. King dan direvisi oleh Chester D. Hartranft. Dalam Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 4, disunting oleh Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887. Teks publik direvisi untuk New Advent: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/14082.htm. Bab 24 mengkaji kebenaran menurut kanon, otoritas seluruh Gereja, dan koreksi atas penilaian kemudian.
Augustine of Hippo. On Grace and Free Choice. Dalam Augustine: On the Free Choice of the Will, On Grace and Free Choice, and Other Writings, disunting dan diterjemahkan oleh Peter King. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Lihat 2--4 dan 29--33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844720.010. Teks publik berjudul On Grace and Free Will, diterjemahkan oleh Peter Holmes dan Robert Ernest Wallis, direvisi oleh Benjamin B. Warfield, dalam Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 5 (1887): https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1510.htm. Dirujuk 12 Oktober 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. On the Trinity. Diterjemahkan oleh Edmund Hill. The Works of Saint Augustine I/5. Brooklyn, NY: New City Press, 1991. Lihat I.4.7, II.5.7, dan IV.20.27.
Augustine of Hippo. On Rebuke and Grace, 31--34. Terjemahan publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1513.htm. Bab 40 membahas anugerah efektif, ketekunan, dan nasib mereka yang berada di luar kelompok yang dipredestinasikan.
Augustine of Hippo. The Nature of the Good. Dalam The Manichean Debate, diterjemahkan, diberi pengantar, dan dianotasi oleh Roland Teske; disunting oleh Boniface Ramsey. The Works of Saint Augustine I/19. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-56548-247-0. Lihat 1--4. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1407.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. The City of God against the Pagans. Disunting dan diterjemahkan oleh R. W. Dyson. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Lihat XII.6--9; XV.22; XXI.9, 17, 23, dan 26; serta XXII.19--20 dan 30. Teks publik yang dirujuk untuk bagian pemulihan terakhir adalah terjemahan Marcus Dods dalam Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 2, disunting oleh Philip Schaff (Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887), sebagaimana direvisi untuk New Advent: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120122.htm. Dirujuk 7--8 September 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. The City of God, XI.17--18. Terjemahan publik oleh Marcus Dods, direvisi untuk New Advent: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/120111.htm. Bab 26 membahas keindahan seluruh tatanan dan membedakan kebaikan itu dari pemulihan seorang penderita tertentu.
Augustine of Hippo. Sermon 21 on the New Testament (Sermon 71 dalam penomoran standar), 20--21. Diterjemahkan oleh R. G. MacMullen. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 6, disunting oleh Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1888. Teks publik direvisi untuk New Advent: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/160321.htm. Dirujuk 8 September 2026. Bab 40 juga menggunakan bagian 34--37, khususnya 35, tentang pertobatan setelah tuduhan yang sebenarnya; dirujuk 20 Oktober 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. Sermon 23 on the New Testament (Sermon 73 dalam penomoran standar), 2--4. Diterjemahkan oleh R. G. MacMullen. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 6, disunting oleh Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1888. Teks publik direvisi untuk New Advent: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/160323.htm. Dirujuk 16 Oktober 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. Teaching Christianity (De doctrina christiana). Diterjemahkan oleh Edmund Hill. The Works of Saint Augustine I/11. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 1996. Lihat I.22--27.
Augustine of Hippo. Tractates on the Gospel of John. Diterjemahkan oleh John Gibb. Dalam St. Augustin: Homilies on the Gospel of John; Homilies on the First Epistle of John; Soliloquies. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 7. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat traktat 80.3.
Basil of Caesarea. On the Holy Spirit. Dalam Letters and Select Works, diterjemahkan oleh Blomfield Jackson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat 15--18. Lihat juga 27.65--67.
Basil of Caesarea. Hexaemeron. Dalam Letters and Select Works, diterjemahkan oleh Blomfield Jackson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat VIII.2--7 dan IX.2--5.
Clement of Alexandria. Christ the Educator (Paedagogus). Diterjemahkan oleh Simon P. Wood. Fathers of the Church 23. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1954; dicetak ulang 2008. Lihat I.1--3, I.8--10, dan lokasi klaim dalam II--III. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0209.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Clement of Alexandria. The Stromata. Diterjemahkan oleh William Wilson. Dalam The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, disunting oleh Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, dan A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; dicetak ulang, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat I.27, V.4, VI.6, dan VII.16 tentang hukuman sebagai koreksi, Kristus dan iman sebagai dasar, tambahan yang mudah terbakar, pewartaan setelah kematian, pertobatan di bawah penghakiman, dan keselamatan alam semesta. Bab 41 juga menggunakan VI.13 tentang karakter yang terbentuk dan takhta penghakiman, serta VII.11--12 tentang motif kasih yang matang, sambil membedakannya dari dukacita dalam VI.14 dan kontemplasi akhir dalam VII.10. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0210.htm. Bagian penghakiman diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026; bagian pembentukan dan panggilan diverifikasi 15 Oktober 2026.
Council of Nicaea I. Creed of Nicaea (AD 325), dan Council of Constantinople I. Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (AD 381). Dalam Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990.
Council of Chalcedon. Definition of Faith (AD 451). Dalam Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990. Teks publik bahasa Yunani dan Inggris: https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/chalcedonian_definition.htm. Diverifikasi 19 Mei 2026.
Cyril of Alexandria. Commentary on John. Book XI, diterjemahkan oleh T. Randell. Vol. 2, Library of the Fathers 48, 1885. Lihat uraian Yohanes 17:20--21, hlm. 550--552. Teks publik: https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/cyril_on_john_11_book11.htm. Dirujuk 6--7 September 2026.
Cyril of Jerusalem. Lectures on the Christian Sacraments: The Procatechesis and the Five Mystagogical Catecheses. Teks Yunani dan terjemahan Inggris oleh Maxwell E. Johnson. Popular Patristics Series 57. Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2017.
Cyprian of Carthage. On the Unity of the Catholic Church. Dalam Saint Cyprian: Treatises, diterjemahkan oleh Roy J. Deferrari. Fathers of the Church 36. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1958. Lihat 4--5.
Gregory of Nazianzus. On God and Christ: The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cledonius. Diterjemahkan oleh Frederick Williams dan Lionel Wickham. Popular Patristics Series 23. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2002. Lihat Theological Orations 29.2--3 dan 31.14--16, 25--29; Letter 101 kepada Cledonius tentang pengambilan seluruh kemanusiaan dan penyembuhan. Teks publik Surat 101: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3103a.htm. Dirujuk 5 September 2026.
Gregory of Nazianzus. Festal Orations. Diterjemahkan dengan pengantar dan komentar oleh Nonna Verna Harrison. Popular Patristics Series 36. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2008. Lihat Oration 39.19 tentang api baptisan akhir yang membakar jerami kejahatan.
Gregory of Nyssa. Dogmatic Treatises, Etc., diterjemahkan oleh William Moore dan Henry Austin Wilson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 5. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat To Ablabius: That There Are Not Three Gods, hlm. 331--336, tentang satu tindakan ilahi; On the Making of Man 8, 16, dan 27--30 tentang kemanusiaan yang bertubuh; dan The Great Catechism 5--8, 26, 35, dan 40 tentang penciptaan, kejahatan, penghakiman, penyucian, pemulihan, serta pembedaan antara kodrat manusia yang dipertahankan dan perilaku yang berubah; lihat juga On the Soul and the Resurrection tentang uraian tentang emas dan paduan logam untuk menjelaskan penghapusan kejahatan serta pembahasan penutup mengenai usia tubuh. Kumpulan terjemahan yang sama memuat On Infants' Early Deaths; argumennya tentang asupan dan kapasitas diperiksa dalam transkripsi publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2912.htm, berdasarkan edisi 1893, direvisi untuk New Advent. Dirujuk 7--8 September 2026.
Gregory of Nyssa. In illud: Tunc et ipse filius. PG 44, 1304--1325. Diterjemahkan oleh Casimir McCambley sebagai risalah tentang 1 Korintus 15:28, Greek Orthodox Theological Review 28 (1983): 1--25. Reproduksi publik terjemahan: https://afkimel.wordpress.com/2019/10/04/in-illud-tunc-et-ipse-filius/. Bab 40 menggunakan pembedaan antara musuh personal yang telah didamaikan dan kematian yang dihapuskan. Terjemahan publik dibaca untuk argumen ini pada 19 Oktober 2026; teks kritis bahasa Yunani tidak diperbandingkan secara mandiri.
Gregory of Nyssa. The Life of Moses. Diterjemahkan oleh Abraham J. Malherbe dan Everett Ferguson. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1978. Lihat II.91--100.
Gregory of Nyssa. Homilies on Ecclesiastes: An English Version with Supporting Studies. Homili diterjemahkan oleh Stuart George Hall dan Rachel Moriarty; disunting oleh Stuart George Hall. Proceedings of the Seventh International Colloquium on Gregory of Nyssa. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993. Lihat Homili IV untuk serangan Gregorius terhadap kepemilikan budak.
Holmes, Michael W., ed.\ and trans.\ The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Lihat Didache 1--16; Epistle of Barnabas 20--21; 1 Clement 3, 13--21, 40--44, and 51--59; Ignatius, Ephesians 7, 16--18, and 20, Magnesians 6--7, and Smyrnaeans 1--3 and 7--8; and Polycarp, Philippians 1--12, with Martyrdom of Polycarp 2 and 11; lihat juga 2 Clement 17.7.
Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies. Translated by Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; revised and chronologically arranged by A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Bagian-bagian utama meliputi I.9.4 dan I.10.1--3; II.30.9 dan II.34.2--4; III.3.1--4, III.18, III.23, dan III.24.1; IV.18.5, IV.20, IV.37--38; V.1, V.2.2--3, V.6.1, V.21, V.27, dan V.31--36. Kumpulan teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Irenaeus of Lyons. On the Apostolic Preaching. Translated by John Behr. Popular Patristics Series 17. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997. Lihat 3--8 dan 31--42.
John Cassian. The Conferences. Translated by Boniface Ramsey. Ancient Christian Writers 57. New York: Paulist Press, 1997. Lihat Konferensi 2.1--4, 9--10, dan 16.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians. Translated by Talbot W. Chambers. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 12. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat Homily 9 on First Corinthians untuk penafsiran 1 Korintus 3:15 sebagai pemeliharaan dalam api penghukuman. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/220109.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on Hebrews. Translated by Frederic Gardiner. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 14, edited by Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1889. Homili 4.6 membedakan ketundukan karena takut akan kematian, keterbelengguan oleh kematian, dan ketakutan yang terus-menerus: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/240204.htm, diakses 15 Oktober 2026. Homili 20.1--4: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/240220.htm, diakses 8 September 2026. Teks publik direvisi untuk New Advent.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew. Translated by George Prevost, revised by M. B. Riddle. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 10, edited by Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1888. Homili 46.1 tentang gandum dan lalang: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/200146.htm, diakses 16 Oktober 2026. Teks publik direvisi untuk New Advent. Homili 41.5 membahas pengampunan setelah tuduhan: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/200141.htm, diakses 20 Oktober 2026.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on Philemon. In Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians, Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, translated by Gross Alexander. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 13. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat homili 1--3.
John of Damascus. An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. In Writings, translated by Frederic H. Chase Jr. Fathers of the Church 37. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1958. Lihat I.8 dan III.6; III.23 membahas ketakutan alami dan tak bersalah Kristus. Terjemahan publik terpisah dari Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 9 (1899), menyediakan teks Kitab III yang dirujuk di sini: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/33043.htm. Diakses 5 September dan 15 Oktober 2026.
Justin Martyr. Justin, Philosopher and Martyr: Apologies. Edited and translated by Denis Minns and Paul Parvis. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Lihat First Apology 8, 17, 52, 61, dan 65--67 mengenai kebangkitan berjasmani, kepekaan yang terus ada, hukuman kekal, pertanggungjawaban yang dibedakan, penghakiman, baptisan, Ekaristi, dan ibadah; lihat juga 46; serta Second Apology 6, 8, 10, dan 13. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0126.htm dan https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0127.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Melito of Sardis. On Pascha and Fragments. Introduction and translation by Stuart George Hall. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Lihat On Pascha 46--71 dan 100--105, dengan permainan kata Pascha/penderitaan pada 46. Terjemahan publik: https://ccjr.us/dialogika-resources/primary-texts-from-the-history-of-the-relationship/melito-of-sardis.
Maximus the Confessor. On Difficulties in the Church Fathers: The Ambigua. Translated by Nicholas Constas. 2 vols. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library 28--29. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. Lihat Ambiguum 7.
Origen. Homilies on Joshua. Translated by Barbara J. Bruce; edited by Cynthia White. Fathers of the Church 105. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2002. Lihat 1.1--3 dan 15.1--3.
Origen. Contra Celsum. Translated by Henry Chadwick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953. Lihat II.51--52 mengenai tanda dan sihir; IV.13 mengenai habisnya perbuatan jahat dan pemurnian kodrat rasional; dan VIII.72 mengenai kemenangan Logos dan penyembuhan makhluk rasional.
Origen. On First Principles. Edited and translated by John Behr. 2 vols. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. Lihat I.6.1--3, II.10.1--8, dan III.6.
Pseudo-Dionysius. Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works. Translated by Colm Luibheid. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1987. Lihat Divine Names IV.7 dan Mystical Theology I.1--3.
Second Council of Constantinople. The Anathemas against Origen (AD 553), with The Anathemas of the Emperor Justinian against Origen (AD 543). In The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, translated by Henry R. Percival. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 14. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3812.htm. Diakses 19 Oktober 2026. Bab 40 membedakan anatema kesembilan tahun 543, mengenai hukuman sementara, dari lima belas anatema tahun 553 terhadap sistem prakeberadaan, dan mencatat kedudukan konsili yang diperdebatkan dari anatema-anatema terakhir itu.
Tatian. Address to the Greeks. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat 13 mengenai ketidakbinasaan yang tidak mandiri, kebangkitan jasmani, dan "kematian melalui hukuman dalam ketidakbinasaan." Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0202.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Tertullian. De carne Christi liber: Tertullian's Treatise on the Incarnation. Text edited with introduction, translation, and commentary by Ernest Evans. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1956. Lihat On the Flesh of Christ 5 dan 20--25. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0315.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Tertullian. Apology. With an English translation by T. R. Glover. In Tertullian: Apology and De Spectaculis; Minucius Felix: Octavius. Loeb Classical Library 250. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1931. Lihat 23 mengenai klaim publik Kristen awal bahwa kuasa yang memusuhi tunduk pada nama Kristus, dan 18 serta 48 mengenai kebangkitan dan penghakiman. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Tertullian. The Prescription Against Heretics. Translated by Peter Holmes. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; revised and chronologically arranged by A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Lihat 13. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0311.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Theophilus of Antioch. Ad Autolycum (To Autolycus). Edited and translated by Robert M. Grant. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. Lihat II.15, II.22, dan II.24--27. Teks publik Kitab II: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02042.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Third Council of Constantinople. Definition of Faith (AD 680--681). In The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, translated by Henry R. Percival. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 14. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3813.htm. Diverifikasi 19 Mei 2026; Definisi, Sesi XVIII, kembali diakses 8 September 2026.
Vincent of L\'erins. Commonitories. Translated by Rudolph E. Morris. In Niceta of Remesiana: Writings; Sulpicius Severus: Writings; Vincent of Lerins: Commonitories; Prosper of Aquitaine: Grace and Free Will. Fathers of the Church 7. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1949. Lihat Commonitory 2.5--6 dan 23.50--59.
Kajian Biblis dan Teologis
Adams, Edward. The Coming of the Son of Man in Mark's Gospel. Tyndale Bulletin 56, no.2 (2005): 39--61. https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.29184. Bab 21 menggunakan argumen untuk parousia kosmik dan pembedaan pada 59 n.89 antara pendekatannya dan terjadinya. Pembahasan yang relevan pada 54--61 dan uraian awal tentang alternatif dibaca dalam artikel publik penerbit pada 19 Oktober 2026.
Hollon, Elton L. Unsound and Informally Fallacious Preterist Arguments for Mark 13:24--27. The Heythrop Journal 64, no.6 (2023): 796--811. https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.14260. Bab 21 menggunakan pembacaan yang saling terjalin dalam bagian III beserta alternatifnya. Bagian-bagian argumen dan kesimpulan diperiksa dalam teks akses terbuka penerbit pada 19 Oktober 2026.
Adams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999; paperback edition, 2000.
Adams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 63, no. 1 (1989): 297--310. Tanggapan oleh Stewart Sutherland, 311--323. https://doi.org/10.1093/aristoteliansupp/63.1.297.
Adams, Marilyn McCord. Ignorance, Instrumentality, Compensation, and the Problem of Evil. Sophia 52 (2013): 7--26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11841-012-0346-9. Teks publik pengarang, https://andrewmbailey.com/mma/pdfs/IgnoranceInstrumentalityCompensation.pdf, terutama 16--25. Bab 26 mengembangkan pembedaan antara tujuan yang memotivasi dan kebaikan yang membuat usaha bersama sesuai bagi para pesertanya, sambil mempertahankan persyaratan moral yang ditujukan kepada penerima, yang berbeda dari uraian Adams' tentang kewajiban ilahi.
Baker, Lynne Rudder. Persons and the Metaphysics of Resurrection. Religious Studies 43, no. 3 (2007): 333--348. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412507008931.
Bauckham, Richard. The Theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819858.
Brownson, James V. Bible, Gender, Sexuality: Reframing the Church's Debate on Same-Sex Relationships. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2013. Catatan penerbit: https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802868633/bible-gender-sexuality/. Diverifikasi 19 Juli 2026.
Brueggemann, Walter. The Message of the Psalms: A Theological Commentary. Augsburg Old Testament Studies. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1984.
Clines, David J. A. "The Image of God in Man." Tyndale Bulletin 19, no. 1 (1968): 53--103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.30671.
Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. edisi ke-3. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2016.
Efird, David, and David Worsley. Divine Action and Operative Grace. The Heythrop Journal 58, no. 5 (2017): 771--779. https://doi.org/10.1111/heyj.12610.
Friesen, Steven J. Imperial Cults and the Apocalypse of John: Reading Revelation in the Ruins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Gagnon, Robert A. J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2001. Catatan penerbit: https://www.abingdonpress.com/product/9780687022793/. Diverifikasi 19 Juli 2026.
Gorman, Michael J. Cruciformity: Paul's Narrative Spirituality of the Cross. edisi peringatan 20 tahun Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2021; edisi asli, 2001.
Hick, John. An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.
Koester, Craig R. Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Yale Bible 38A. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014.
Kraybill, J. Nelson. Imperial Cult and Commerce in John's Apocalypse. Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series 132. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.
Linzey, Andrew. Animal Theology. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995; pertama kali diterbitkan oleh SCM Press pada 1994.
Loader, William. The New Testament on Sexuality. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012. Catatan penerbit: https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802867247/the-new-testament-on-sexuality/. Diverifikasi 19 Juli 2026.
Loader, William. Same-Sex Relationships: A 1st-Century Perspective. HTS Theological Studies 70, no. 1 (2014): article 2114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2114. Teks pengarang yang direvisi: https://billloader.com/LoaderSameSex.pdf.
Martin, Dale B. Arsenokoitês and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences. In Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, disunting oleh Robert L. Brawley, 117--136. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus 1--16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible 3. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
Middleton, J. Richard. "The Liberating Image? Interpreting the Imago Dei in Context." Christian Scholar's Review 24, no. 1 (1994): 8--25.
Moltmann, J\"urgen. Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology. Diterjemahkan oleh James W. Leitch. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
Southgate, Christopher. The Groaning of Creation: God, Evolution, and the Problem of Evil. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008.
Stump, Eleonore. Wandering in Darkness: Narrative and the Problem of Suffering. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277421.001.0001.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 2. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1996.
Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 3. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2003.
Wright, N. T. Jesus' Resurrection and Christian Origins. Gregorianum 83, no. 4 (2002): 615--635. Direproduksi atas izin pengarang: https://ntwrightpage.com/2016/07/12/jesus-resurrection-and-christian-origins/.
Metode, Filsafat, Argumen Historis, dan Uraian Pesaing
Adams, Robert Merrihew. Divine Commands and the Social Nature of Obligation. Faith and Philosophy 4, no. 3 (1987): 262--275. Teks publik: https://andrewmbailey.com/rma/1987d-Adams-SocialNatureObligation.pdf.
Allison, Dale C., Jr. Resurrecting Jesus: The Earliest Christian Tradition and Its Interpreters. New York: T&T Clark International, 2005. Lihat 331--333 dan 338--344. Kutipan publik: https://www.vincentsapone.com/writings/allisonemptytomb.pdf.
Aristotle. De Anima (On the Soul). Diterjemahkan oleh J. A. Smith. Dalam The Works of Aristotle. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931.
Aristotle. Physics. Diterjemahkan oleh Robin Waterfield; pengantar dan catatan oleh David Bostock. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Lihat II.3 dan II.7--9 tentang empat sebab, kausalitas final, dan keniscayaan hipotetis.
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae, I, q.5, a.4, ad 1 tentang hubungan keindahan dengan kebaikan; I, q.22 tentang pemeliharaan ilahi; I, q.39, a.8 tentang keutuhan, proporsi atau harmoni, dan kejelasan sebagai syarat yang disebut pada hal-hal indah; I, q.44, a.4 tentang Allah sebagai sebab final segala sesuatu; I, q.83, a.1 tentang pilihan bebas; I, q.104, aa.1--4 tentang pemeliharaan ilahi dan sebab-sebab ciptaan; I, q.105, a.4 tentang Allah menggerakkan kehendak makhluk; dan II--II, q.83 tentang doa. Diterjemahkan oleh para Bapa dari Provinsi Dominikan Inggris, edisi revisi ke-2, 1920. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1005.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1022.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1039.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1044.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1083.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1104.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1105.htm, dan https://www.newadvent.org/summa/3083.htm. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026. Untuk penciptaan bebas, lihat I, q.19, a.3; untuk akal praktis dan penerapan ajaran moral, I--II, q.94, a.2 dan 4; untuk pandangan yang berlawanan tentang hewan dalam penciptaan yang diperbarui, lihat Supplement yang disusun setelah kematian Aquinas, q.91, a.5. Teks publik: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1019.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2094.htm, dan https://www.newadvent.org/summa/5091.htm. Bagian-bagian tambahan ini dikonsultasikan pada 6--7 September 2026. Untuk anugerah operatif dan kooperatif serta gerak kehendak bebas, lihat I--II, q.111, a.2 dan q.113, a.3: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2111.htm dan https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2113.htm. Untuk hukum kodrat sebagai partisipasi rasional dalam pemeliharaan ilahi, lihat I--II, q.91, a.2: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2091.htm. Untuk keabadian dan durasi makhluk, lihat I q.10 aa.3, 5: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1010.htm. Untuk keniscayaan keselamatan dan kepatutan, lihat III q.1 a.2 dan q.46 aa.1--3: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4001.htm dan https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4046.htm. Untuk kebangkitan dan keserupaan yang menyelamatkan, lihat III q.56 aa.1--2: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/4056.htm. Untuk dosa terhadap Roh Kudus, ketidakbertobatan final, dan kuasa Allah untuk menyembuhkan, lihat II-II q.14 aa.1, 3: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/3014.htm. Untuk kehendak dan pilihan, lihat I--II q.10 aa.1--2, 4: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/2010.htm. Untuk keadilan dan belas kasihan, lihat I q.21 aa.1, 3--4: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1021.htm. Bagian-bagian tambahan ini dikonsultasikan pada 7--8 September 2026. Untuk pengetahuan yang bersifat produktif dan pengetahuan tentang makhluk-makhluk partikular, lihat I q.14 aa.8, 11: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1014.htm. Dikonsultasikan 12 Oktober 2026.
Boethius. The Consolation of Philosophy, V, prose 6. Diterjemahkan oleh H. R. James. Transkripsi daring Monadnock Valley Press, tanpa tanggal: https://monadnock.net/boethius/consolation5-p6.html. Penerjemah dicantumkan dalam daftar isi edisi: https://monadnock.net/boethius/consolation.html. Dikonsultasikan pada 7--8 September 2026.
Foot, Philippa. Rationality and Goodness. In Moral Philosophy, edited by Anthony O'Hear, 1--21. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009109413.003.
Miller, Richard C. Mark's Empty Tomb and Other Translation Fables in Classical Antiquity. Journal of Biblical Literature 129, no. 4 (2010): 759--776. https://doi.org/10.2307/25765965.
Miller, Richard C. Resurrection and Reception in Early Christianity. Routledge, 2015. https://www.routledge.com/Resurrection-and-Reception-in-Early-Christianity/Miller/p/book/9781315742335. Bab 21 menggunakan tesis genre yang dinyatakan dalam deskripsi penerbit; akses ini tidak berarti bahwa monograf lengkap telah dibaca.
Rees, W. Dewi. “The Hallucinations of Widowhood.” British Medical Journal 4, no. 5778 (1971): 37--41. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.4.5778.37; abstrak primer, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5096884/. Bab 21 menggunakan pengalaman berkabung yang dilaporkan sebagai bahan perbandingan, sedangkan modalitas indrawi yang terperinci juga didukung oleh penelitian terpisah yang diakses dari Elsaesser dan rekan-rekannya.
Elsaesser, Evelyn, Chris A. Roe, Callum E. Cooper, dan David Lorimer. “The Phenomenology and Impact of Hallucinations Concerning the Deceased.” BJPsych Open 7 (2021): e148. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.960. Bab 21 menggunakan pengalaman indrawi yang dilaporkan dalam penelitian primer, termasuk sensasi sentuhan yang tampak; sampel daring bertujuan ini tidak memberikan perkiraan mengenai pengalaman kelompok pada zaman kuno.
Niiniluoto, Ilkka. Unification and Confirmation. Theoria 31, no. 1 (2016): 107--123. https://doi.org/10.1387/theoria.13084.
Tomaszewski, Christopher. Collapsing the Modal Collapse Argument: On an Invalid Argument Against Divine Simplicity. Analysis 79, no. 2 (2019): 275--284. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/any052. Pracetak yang ditautkan oleh pengarang, bagian 3--4, diakses 7 September 2026: https://www.academia.edu/33579056/.
Mossio, Matteo, Cristian Saborido, dan Alvaro Moreno. An Organizational Account of Biological Functions. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60, no. 4 (2009): 813--841. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axp036.
Mullins, R. T., dan Shannon Eugene Byrd. Divine Simplicity and Modal Collapse: A Persistent Problem. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 14, no. 3 (2022): 21--52. https://doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.2022.3414. Lihat bagian III untuk argumen dari identitas ilahi dan tindakan intensional. Salinan universitas yang tersedia untuk umum: https://helda.helsinki.fi/server/api/core/bitstreams/d00ac058-08c1-4640-b0e4-e09d26f579b7/content. Diakses 6--7 September 2026.
Hume, David. A Treatise of Human Nature. 1739--1740. 3.1.1.22--27, terutama 27 dan catatan 68. Teks publik: https://davidhume.org/texts/t/3/1/1. Diakses 6 September 2026.
Plato. Euthyphro. 10a--11b. Terjemahan bahasa Inggris oleh Benjamin Jowett. Teks publik: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1642/1642-h/1642-h.htm. Diakses 6 September 2026.
Allen, Colin, dan Jacob Neal. "Teleological Notions in Biology." Dalam The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edisi Musim Semi 2026, disunting oleh Edward N. Zalta dan Uri Nodelman. Revisi substantif 6 Februari 2026. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2026/entries/teleology-biology/. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Falcon, Andrea. "Aristotle on Causality." Dalam The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edisi Musim Semi 2023, disunting oleh Edward N. Zalta dan Uri Nodelman. Revisi substantif 7 Maret 2023. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2023/entries/aristotle-causality/. Diverifikasi 11 Juli 2026.
Bergmann, Michael. "Skeptical Theism and Rowe's New Evidential Argument from Evil." Noûs 35, no. 2 (2001): 278--296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.00297.
Bostrom, Nick. "Are You Living in a Computer Simulation?" The Philosophical Quarterly 53, no. 211 (2003): 243--255. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9213.00309.
Berger, Peter L., and Thomas Luckmann. The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1966.
Berkeley, George. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. 1710. Lihat 25--36 tentang realitas yang dapat diindra, imajinasi, roh, dan kausalitas. Teks publik: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/4723/4723-h/4723-h.htm. Diakses 5 September 2026.
Catholic Church. Catechism of the Catholic Church. 1992; direvisi sesuai dengan edisi tipikal Latin pada 1997. Lihat paragraf 1033--1037 dan 1987--1995. https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_one/section_two/chapter_three/article_12/iv_hell.html. Tentang pembenaran dan anugerah yang mendahuluinya: https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_three/section_one/chapter_three/article_2/grace_and_justification.html. Bagian-bagian tentang pembenaran diakses 5 September 2026. Diverifikasi 15 Juli 2026. Tentang dosa asal sebagai kondisi yang diterima tanpa kesalahan pribadi keturunan, 404--405: https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1C.HTM. Tentang batas pada saat kematian dan penghakiman khusus, 1021--1022: https://www.vatican.va/content/catechism/en/part_one/section_two/chapter_three/article_12/i_the_particular_judgment.html. Bab 17, 23, dan 40 mempertahankan klaim-klaim doktrinal yang berbeda.
Chalmers, David J. "Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness." Journal of Consciousness Studies 2, no. 3 (1995): 200--219. Teks publik pengarang: https://consc.net/papers/facing.html.
Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, dan James A. Robinson. "Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth." Dalam Handbook of Economic Growth, jil. 1A, disunting oleh Philippe Aghion dan Steven N. Durlauf, 385--472. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01006-3.
Cobb, John B., Jr., dan David Ray Griffin. Process Theology: An Introductory Exposition. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1976.
Griffin, David Ray. "Traditional Free Will Theodicy and Process Theodicy: Hasker's Claim for Parity." Process Studies 29 (2000): 209--226. https://doi.org/10.5840/process20002923. Teks publik: https://www.religion-online.org/article/traditional-free-will-theodicy-and-process-theodicy-haskers-claim-for-parity/. Bab 42 menggunakan pembedaan antara kuasa yang ditolak dan penentuan sepihak yang dianggap mustahil secara metafisis.
Park, Crystal L. "Making Sense of the Meaning Literature: An Integrative Review of Meaning Making and Its Effects on Adjustment to Stressful Life Events." Psychological Bulletin 136 (2010): 257--301. https://ovc.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh226/files/media/document/os_meaning_making_review.pdf. Bab 15 dan Lampiran D membandingkan CRM dengan pembedaan model antara makna global dan situasional, ketidaksesuaian, upaya pembentukan makna, dan makna yang terbentuk.
Durkheim, \'Emile. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life. Diterjemahkan oleh Karen E. Fields. New York: Free Press, 1995. Ringkasan publik Durkheim yang dikutip dalam DDF: https://durkheim.uchicago.edu/Summaries/forms.html.
DiMaggio, Paul J., dan Walter W. Powell. "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." American Sociological Review 48, no. 2 (1983): 147--160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095101.
Fricker, Miranda. Epistemic Injustice: Power and the Ethics of Knowing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Goff, Philip. Consciousness and Fundamental Reality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677015.001.0001.
Hartshorne, Charles. The Divine Relativity: A Social Conception of God. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1948.
Haslanger, Sally. Resisting Reality: Social Construction and Social Critique. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199892631.001.0001.
Humanists International. The Amsterdam Declaration. 2022. https://humanists.international/what-is-humanism/the-amsterdam-declaration/. Diverifikasi 19 Mei 2026.
American Humanist Association. Humanist Manifesto III: Humanism and Its Aspirations. 2003. https://americanhumanist.org/what-is-humanism/manifesto3/. Diverifikasi 19 Mei 2026.
Hick, John. Evil and the God of Love. edisi revisi. New York: Harper & Row, 1978.
Meadows, Donella H. Thinking in Systems: A Primer. Disunting oleh Diana Wright. White River Junction, VT: Chelsea Green Publishing, 2008.
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Data Publik, Kesehatan, Ketenagakerjaan, dan Tata Kelola Digital
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Pembentukan Manusia, Keamanan Klinis, Ritual, dan Institusi
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Perbaikan, Partisipasi, dan Transmisi Historis
Atabay, Kutay D., et al. Self-Organization and Progenitor Targeting Generate Stable Patterns in Planarian Regeneration. Science 360 (2018): 404--409. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8179. Bab 8.
Chariton. Callirhoe 3.2--3.3. Teks Yunani dan terjemahan, https://www.gottwein.de/Grie/charit/kall0301.php. Bab 21 membedakan penyelidikan yang diceritakan, ketiadaan yang teramati, dan penjelasannya.
Durant, Fallon, et al. Long-Term, Stochastic Editing of Regenerative Anatomy via Targeting Endogenous Bioelectric Gradients. Biophysical Journal 112 (2017): 2231--2243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.011. Bab 8.
Eccles, L., and S. N. C. Lieu, with C. Ferard and G. Mikkelsen. Stele on the Diffusion of Christianity (the Luminous Religion) from Rome (Da Qin) into China. Terjemahan dan komentar, diperbarui 5 November 2023. https://www.manichaeism.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Xian-Monument-5.11.2023.pdf. Bab 12 menggunakan kolom 3--9 dan 31 serta catatan 68--69 untuk nama-nama ilahi dalam bahasa Suryani dan aturan yang melarang pemeliharaan budak.
Godwin, James W., Alexander R. Pinto, and Nadia A. Rosenthal. Macrophages Are Required for Adult Salamander Limb Regeneration. PNAS 110 (2013): 9415--9420. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1300290110. Bab 8 membedakan penutupan epitel, kegagalan regenerasi, dan respons yang kembali setelah amputasi ulang.
Hasker, William. Materialism and the Resurrection: Are the Prospects Improving? European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 3 (2011): 83--103. Bab 38, terutama 99--103.
Hill, Eric M., and Christian P. Petersen. Positional Information Specifies the Site of Organ Regeneration and Not Tissue Maintenance in Planarians. eLife 7 (2018): e33680. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.33680. Bab 8, gambar 1--2 dan 6.
Jamieson, R. B. 1 Corinthians 15.28 and the Grammar of Paul's Christology. New Testament Studies 66 (2020): 187--207. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688519000341. Bab 21.
Lieu, Samuel N. C. Corpus Christianorum Sinicum. Diperbarui 1 Februari 2024. Bagian F, hlm. 21, baris naskah 12--19. https://www.manichaeism.de/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Corpus-Christianorum-Sinicum-1.2.2024.pdf. Bab 12.
Lo, Katherine C., and Christian P. Petersen. map3k1 Suppresses Terminal Differentiation of Migratory Eye Progenitors in Planarian Regeneration. PLOS Genetics 21 (2025): e1011457. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011457. Bab 8.
Maclean, Arthur John. East Syrian Daily Offices. London: Rivington, Percival, 1894. 170--171. https://acoecalifornia.org/files/East-Syrian-Daily-Offices%2D%2D%2DMaclean.pdf. Bab 12 menggunakan pembanding liturgis yang terkait, bukan contoh yang telah diidentifikasi sebagai sumber nyanyian Tionghoa tersebut.
Malaguti, Giulia, and Pieter Rein ten Wolde. Theory for the Optimal Detection of Time-Varying Signals in Cellular Sensing Systems. eLife 10 (2021): e62574. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.62574. Bab 6.
O'Connor, Timothy, and Jonathan D. Jacobs. Emergent Individuals and the Resurrection. European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 2 (2010): 69--88. https://toconnor.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/OConnor_Emerg-Indiv-Resurr10.pdf. Bab 38.
Pang, Garry Moon Yuen. Background and Translation of the Chinese Gloria. Jian Dao 49 (2018): 117--142. Bab 12 menggunakan hlm. 135--138; terjemahan balik Suryani modern tidak diperlakukan sebagai saksi kuno.
Pruss, Alexander R. Divine Creative Freedom. Dalam Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, vol.7 (2016), 213--238. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198757702.003.0009. Bab 3, bagian 4.
Reissig, Gunther, Alexander Weber, and Matthias Rungger. Feedback Refinement Relations for the Synthesis of Symbolic Controllers. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 62 (2017): 1781--1796. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAC.2016.2593947; https://arxiv.org/abs/1503.03715. Bab 43, Definisi V.2 dan Teorema VI.3.
Saad, Luiza O., et al. Reduced Adult Stem Cell Fate Specification Led to Eye Reduction in Cave Planarians. Nature Communications 16 (2025): 304. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54478-6. Bab 9.
Scanlon, T. M. What We Owe to Each Other. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. 185--187. Bab 14, perwalian dan kedudukan orang dengan disabilitas yang sangat berat.
Riset terkait
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