Referencias
Este es un aparato seleccionado pero recuperable por afirmación, no una lista de todo lo consultado. Destaca los textos primarios y las fuentes metodológicas, filosóficas, históricas, científicas, clínicas e institucionales que sostienen la arquitectura rectora del DDF o sus afirmaciones públicas de mayor riesgo. La inclusión aquí no iguala en autoridad fuentes diferentes. La Escritura gobierna la doctrina cristiana; las herramientas de lenguas originales aclaran los textos; las fuentes cristianas tempranas y conciliares dan testimonio de la recepción y el límite doctrinal; las fuentes históricas y empíricas describen sus campos propios; las fuentes filosóficas aclaran y comparan argumentos; y los documentos de orientación gobiernan solo las prácticas dentro del alcance que declaran.
Toda cita local de una afirmación que permanezca debe poder recuperarse en el primer uso. El primer uso debe proporcionar los metadatos completos localmente o emplear una clave inequívoca de autor y título corto cuyo título completo, edición o versión, fecha, editorial o revista, y DOI o URL estable aparezcan en este aparato. Las fuentes patrísticas también requieren la obra y el locus. Los informes, directrices, conjuntos de datos, fichas de sistema y recursos web que cambian con rapidez requieren la fecha exacta de publicación o revisión y una fecha de verificación en la nota local o el aparato. Una cadena de apellidos, el nombre de una organización, un campo de investigación, una página de inicio o el nombre de una enciclopedia sin una entrada exacta e inequívoca no es una cita. Este aparato central puede contener metadatos bibliográficos repetidos para que las Fichas de afirmación sigan siendo analíticas en vez de convertirse en bibliografías duplicadas. El campo de fuentes locales de una Ficha de afirmación todavía debe emparejar cada fuente o grupo de fuentes con la labor precisa que realiza.
Para la pasada final de fuentes, se volvieron a comprobar el 11 de julio de 2026 las URL activas adjuntas a entradas añadidas o modificadas materialmente aquí. Una fecha de "Verified" registra solo esa comprobación del enlace; nunca reemplaza la fecha de edición, publicación, lanzamiento, revisión o adopción de la obra, que sigue formando parte del registro bibliográfico.
Las fuentes no incorporadas a este aparato seleccionado siguen siendo legítimas solo cuando la nota local exacta de la afirmación contiene el rastreo completo. En cada edición o lanzamiento deben volver a comprobarse todas las fuentes fechadas, reemplazarse o archivarse los enlaces muertos e identificarse toda edición, lanzamiento, directriz o ficha de sistema que haya cambiado. Cuando una fuente no puede recuperarse con exactitud, la afirmación dependiente debe restringirse, recibir nuevas fuentes o eliminarse en vez de apoyarse en metadatos reconstruidos.
Aland, Barbara, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th rev.\ ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012. Citado como NA28.
Bauer, Walter, Frederick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Citado como BDAG.
Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907. Citado como BDB; véanse las entradas exactas nombradas en las notas locales de las afirmaciones.
Elliger, Karl, and Wilhelm Rudolph, eds. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 5th corrected ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997. Citado como BHS.
Holmes, Michael W., ed. The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature; Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010. https://www.sblgnt.com/. Citado como SBLGNT.
Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Revised by Walter Baumgartner and Johann Jakob Stamm. Translated and edited under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994--2000. Citado como HALOT.
Liddell, H. G., Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed.\ with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Citado como LSJ; véanse las entradas exactas nombradas en las notas locales de las afirmaciones.
Rahlfs, Alfred, and Robert Hanhart, eds. Septuaginta: Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. 2nd rev.\ ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006. Véase Wisdom of Solomon 1--3 para el testimonio judío antiguo sobre creación, incorrupción, muerte y juicio usado en la síntesis sobre el infierno.
Nickelsburg, George W. E., and James C. VanderKam. 1 Enoch: The Hermeneia Translation. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012. Véanse 22 y 27 para las condiciones diferenciadas de los muertos que aguardan el juicio y el valle maldito.
García Martínez, Florentino, and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, eds. and trans. The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1997--1998. Véase 1QS III.13--IV.26 para los Dos Espíritus, la formación, la visitación, la purificación, el sufrimiento y la destrucción.
Stone, Michael E. Fourth Ezra: A Commentary on the Book of Fourth Ezra. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990. Véanse 7:26--44 y 7:75--101 para la muerte, la revelación intermedia, la resurrección, el juicio, la retribución y el mundo venidero; la obra sobrevive mediante versiones antiguas y no mediante un original hebreo o griego completo conservado.
Klijn, A. F. J. "2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch: A New Translation and Introduction." In The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1, Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments, edited by James H. Charlesworth, 615--652. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983. Véanse 49--51 para una restauración encarnada reconocible seguida de transformación.
Philo of Alexandria. Every Good Man Is Free. In Philo, vol. 9, translated by F. H. Colson. Loeb Classical Library 363. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1941. Véanse 75--91 para el rechazo atribuido a los esenios de la tenencia de esclavos.
Frayer-Griggs, Daniel. "Neither Proof Text nor Proverb: The Instrumental Sense of διά and the Soteriological Function of Fire in 1 Corinthians 3.15." New Testament Studies 59, no. 4 (2013): 517--534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688513000167.
Institut f\"ur Neutestamentliche Textforschung. Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments and New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room. M\"unster: University of M\"unster. https://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Athanasius of Alexandria. Against the Heathen. In Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by Robert W. Thomson. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Véanse 2--11 y 40--42.
Athanasius of Alexandria. Defence of the Nicene Definition (De Decretis). Translated by John Henry Newman and Archibald Robertson. In Select Works and Letters, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 18--24 y 32. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2809.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Athanasius of Alexandria. The Life of Antony and the Letter to Marcellinus. Translated with introduction by Robert C. Gregg. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1980. Véanse Life of Antony 22--43 y Letter to Marcellinus 12 y 27--29.
Athanasius of Alexandria. De Incarnatione (On the Incarnation). In Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by Robert W. Thomson. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Véanse 3--10, 20--30, 41--45 y 54. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2802.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Athenagoras of Athens. Legatio and De Resurrectione. Edited and translated by William R. Schoedel. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Véase la atribución segura de Plea for the Christians 31 y 36. Véase también On the Resurrection of the Dead 12--25, citada en este manuscrito como Pseudo-Athenagoras porque la autoría del tratado sobre la resurrección sigue siendo controvertida.
Grant, Robert M. "Athenagoras or Pseudo-Athenagoras." Harvard Theological Review 47, no. 2 (1954): 121--129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000027528. Usado para señalar, no para resolver silenciosamente, la autoría controvertida de De Resurrectione.
Arnobius of Sicca. The Case Against the Pagans. Translated by George E. McCracken. Ancient Christian Writers 7--8. Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1949. Véase II.14 para el castigo consciente prolongado que culmina en "real death." Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/06312.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. Against Faustus. Translated by Richard Stothert. In St. Augustin: The Writings against the Manichaeans and against the Donatists. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse XXII.74--79.
Augustine of Hippo. Confessions. Translated by Henry Chadwick. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Véanse I.1.1; X.6.8; X.8.12--25.36; y X.27.38.
Augustine of Hippo. Expositions on the Book of Psalms. Abridged from the Oxford translation and edited by A. Cleveland Coxe. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 94.2 y 140.2--4.
Augustine of Hippo. The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Love. Translated by J. F. Shaw. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 3, edited by Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 68--69 para el límite de Cristo como fundamento respecto de la salvación a través del fuego.
Augustine of Hippo. On Grace and Free Choice. In Augustine: On the Free Choice of the Will, On Grace and Free Choice, and Other Writings, edited and translated by Peter King. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Véanse 2--4 y 30--33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844720.010.
Augustine of Hippo. On the Trinity. Translated by Edmund Hill. The Works of Saint Augustine I/5. Brooklyn, NY: New City Press, 1991. Véanse I.4.7, II.5.7 y IV.20.27.
Augustine of Hippo. The Nature of the Good. In The Manichean Debate, translated, introduced, and annotated by Roland Teske; edited by Boniface Ramsey. The Works of Saint Augustine I/19. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-56548-247-0. Véanse 1--4. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1407.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. The City of God against the Pagans. Edited and translated by R. W. Dyson. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Véanse XII.6--9; XV.22; XXI.9, 17, 23 y 26; y XXII.30.
Augustine of Hippo. Teaching Christianity (De doctrina christiana). Translated by Edmund Hill. The Works of Saint Augustine I/11. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 1996. Véanse I.22--27.
Augustine of Hippo. Tractates on the Gospel of John. Translated by John Gibb. In St. Augustin: Homilies on the Gospel of John; Homilies on the First Epistle of John; Soliloquies. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 7. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase el tratado 80.3.
Basil of Caesarea. On the Holy Spirit. In Letters and Select Works, translated by Blomfield Jackson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 15--18. Véanse también 27.65--67.
Basil of Caesarea. Hexaemeron. In Letters and Select Works, translated by Blomfield Jackson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse VIII.2--7 e IX.2--5.
Clement of Alexandria. Christ the Educator (Paedagogus). Translated by Simon P. Wood. Fathers of the Church 23. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1954; reprinted 2008. Véanse I.1--3, I.8--10 y los loci locales de las afirmaciones en II--III. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0209.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Clement of Alexandria. The Stromata. Translated by William Wilson. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse I.27, V.4, VI.6 y VII.16 para el castigo como corrección, Cristo y la fe como fundamento, las adiciones combustibles, la predicación post mortem, el arrepentimiento bajo juicio y la salvación del universo. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0210.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Council of Nicaea I. Creed of Nicaea (AD 325), and Council of Constantinople I. Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (AD 381). In Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990.
Council of Chalcedon. Definition of Faith (AD 451). In Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990. Texto público griego e inglés: https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/chalcedonian_definition.htm. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Cyril of Jerusalem. Lectures on the Christian Sacraments: The Procatechesis and the Five Mystagogical Catecheses. Greek text and English translation by Maxwell E. Johnson. Popular Patristics Series 57. Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2017.
Cyprian of Carthage. On the Unity of the Catholic Church. In Saint Cyprian: Treatises, translated by Roy J. Deferrari. Fathers of the Church 36. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1958. Véanse 4--5.
Gregory of Nazianzus. On God and Christ: The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cledonius. Translated by Frederick Williams and Lionel Wickham. Popular Patristics Series 23. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2002. Véanse Theological Orations 29.2--3 y 31.14--16, 25--29.
Gregory of Nazianzus. Festal Orations. Translated with introduction and commentary by Nonna Verna Harrison. Popular Patristics Series 36. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2008. Véase Oration 39.19 para el bautismo final de fuego que consume el rastrojo del mal.
Gregory of Nyssa. Dogmatic Treatises, Etc., translated by William Moore and Henry Austin Wilson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 5. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase To Ablabius: That There Are Not Three Gods, pp. 331--336, para una sola operación divina; On the Making of Man 8, 16 y 27--30 para la humanidad encarnada; y The Great Catechism 5--8, 26 y 35 para la creación, el mal, el juicio, la purificación y la restauración; véase también On the Soul and the Resurrection para el relato del oro y la aleación sobre la eliminación del mal.
Gregory of Nyssa. The Life of Moses. Translated by Abraham J. Malherbe and Everett Ferguson. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1978. Véanse II.91--100.
Gregory of Nyssa. Homilies on Ecclesiastes: An English Version with Supporting Studies. Homilies translated by Stuart George Hall and Rachel Moriarty; edited by Stuart George Hall. Proceedings of the Seventh International Colloquium on Gregory of Nyssa. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993. Véase la Homilía IV para el ataque de Gregory a la propiedad de esclavos.
Holmes, Michael W., ed.\ and trans.\ The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Véanse Didache 1--16; Epistle of Barnabas 20--21; 1 Clement 3, 13--21, 40--44 y 51--59; Ignatius, Ephesians 7, 16--18 y 20, Magnesians 6--7 y Smyrnaeans 1--3 y 7--8; y Polycarp, Philippians 1--12, con Martyrdom of Polycarp 2 y 11; véase también 2 Clement 17.7.
Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies. Translated by Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; revised and chronologically arranged by A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Los loci estructurales incluyen I.9.4 e I.10.1--3; II.30.9 y II.34.2--4; III.3.1--4, III.18, III.23 y III.24.1; IV.18.5, IV.20, IV.37--38; V.1, V.2.2--3, V.6.1, V.21, V.27 y V.31--36. Colección de textos públicos: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Irenaeus of Lyons. On the Apostolic Preaching. Translated by John Behr. Popular Patristics Series 17. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997. Véanse 3--8 y 31--42.
John Cassian. The Conferences. Translated by Boniface Ramsey. Ancient Christian Writers 57. New York: Paulist Press, 1997. Véase Conference 2.1--4, 9--10 y 16.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians. Translated by Talbot W. Chambers. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 12. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase Homily 9 on First Corinthians para la lectura de 1 Corintios 3:15 como preservación en fuego punitivo. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/220109.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on Philemon. In Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians, Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, translated by Gross Alexander. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 13. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse las homilías 1--3.
John of Damascus. An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. In Writings, translated by Frederic H. Chase Jr. Fathers of the Church 37. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1958. Véase I.8.
Justin Martyr. Justin, Philosopher and Martyr: Apologies. Edited and translated by Denis Minns and Paul Parvis. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Véase First Apology 8, 17, 52, 61 y 65--67 para la resurrección encarnada, la sensibilidad continua, el castigo eterno, la responsabilidad diferenciada, el juicio, el bautismo, la Eucaristía y el culto; véase también 46; y Second Apology 6, 8, 10 y 13. Textos públicos: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0126.htm y https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0127.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Melito of Sardis. On Pascha and Fragments. Introduction and translation by Stuart George Hall. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Véase On Pascha 47--71 y 100--105.
Maximus the Confessor. On Difficulties in the Church Fathers: The Ambigua. Translated by Nicholas Constas. 2 vols. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library 28--29. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. Véase Ambiguum 7.
Origen. Homilies on Joshua. Translated by Barbara J. Bruce; edited by Cynthia White. Fathers of the Church 105. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2002. Véanse 1.1--3 y 15.1--3.
Origen. Contra Celsum. Translated by Henry Chadwick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953. Véanse II.51--52 para la señal y la magia; IV.13 para el consumo de las obras malvadas y el refinamiento de la naturaleza racional; y VIII.72 para la victoria del Logos y la sanidad de las criaturas racionales.
Origen. On First Principles. Edited and translated by John Behr. 2 vols. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. Véanse I.6.1--3, II.10.1--8 y III.6.
Pseudo-Dionysius. Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works. Translated by Colm Luibheid. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1987. Véanse Divine Names IV.7 y Mystical Theology I.1--3.
Tatian. Address to the Greeks. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase 13 para la inmortalidad no autónoma, la resurrección corporal y "death by punishment in immortality." Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0202.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Tertullian. De carne Christi liber: Tertullian's Treatise on the Incarnation. Text edited with introduction, translation, and commentary by Ernest Evans. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1956. Véase On the Flesh of Christ 5 y 20--25. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0315.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Tertullian. Apology. With an English translation by T. R. Glover. In Tertullian: Apology and De Spectaculis; Minucius Felix: Octavius. Loeb Classical Library 250. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1931. Véase 23 para la afirmación pública cristiana temprana de que los poderes hostiles estaban sujetos al nombre de Cristo, y 18 y 48 para la resurrección y el juicio. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Tertullian. The Prescription Against Heretics. Translated by Peter Holmes. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; revised and chronologically arranged by A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase 13. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0311.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Theophilus of Antioch. Ad Autolycum (To Autolycus). Edited and translated by Robert M. Grant. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. Véanse II.15, II.22 y II.24--27. Texto público del Libro II: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02042.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Third Council of Constantinople. Definition of Faith (AD 680--681). In The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, translated by Henry R. Percival. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 14. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3813.htm. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Vincent of L\'erins. Commonitories. Translated by Rudolph E. Morris. In Niceta of Remesiana: Writings; Sulpicius Severus: Writings; Vincent of Lerins: Commonitories; Prosper of Aquitaine: Grace and Free Will. Fathers of the Church 7. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1949. Véase Commonitory 2.5--6 y 23.50--59.
Adams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999; paperback edition, 2000.
Bauckham, Richard. The Theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819858.
Brownson, James V. Bible, Gender, Sexuality: Reframing the Church's Debate on Same-Sex Relationships. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2013. Registro editorial: https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802868633/bible-gender-sexuality/. Verificado el 19 de julio de 2026.
Brueggemann, Walter. The Message of the Psalms: A Theological Commentary. Augsburg Old Testament Studies. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1984.
Clines, David J. A. "The Image of God in Man." Tyndale Bulletin 19, no. 1 (1968): 53--103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.30671.
Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2016.
Friesen, Steven J. Imperial Cults and the Apocalypse of John: Reading Revelation in the Ruins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Gagnon, Robert A. J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2001. Registro editorial: https://www.abingdonpress.com/product/9780687022793/. Verificado el 19 de julio de 2026.
Gorman, Michael J. Cruciformity: Paul's Narrative Spirituality of the Cross. 20th anniversary ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2021; original edition, 2001.
Hick, John. An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.
Koester, Craig R. Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Yale Bible 38A. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014.
Kraybill, J. Nelson. Imperial Cult and Commerce in John's Apocalypse. Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series 132. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.
Linzey, Andrew. Animal Theology. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995; first published by SCM Press, 1994.
Loader, William. The New Testament on Sexuality. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012. Registro editorial: https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802867247/the-new-testament-on-sexuality/. Verificado el 19 de julio de 2026.
Loader, William. Same-Sex Relationships: A 1st-Century Perspective. HTS Theological Studies 70, n.º 1 (2014): artículo 2114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2114.
Martin, Dale B. Arsenokoit\^ e s and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences. En Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, editado por Robert L. Brawley, 117--136. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus 1--16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible 3. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
Middleton, J. Richard. "The Liberating Image? Interpreting the Imago Dei in Context." Christian Scholar's Review 24, no. 1 (1994): 8--25.
Moltmann, J\"urgen. Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology. Translated by James W. Leitch. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
Southgate, Christopher. The Groaning of Creation: God, Evolution, and the Problem of Evil. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008.
Stump, Eleonore. Wandering in Darkness: Narrative and the Problem of Suffering. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277421.001.0001.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 2. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1996.
Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 3. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2003.
Aristotle. De Anima (On the Soul). Translated by J. A. Smith. In The Works of Aristotle. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931.
Aristotle. Physics. Translated by Robin Waterfield; introduction and notes by David Bostock. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Véanse II.3 y II.7--9 sobre las cuatro causas, la causalidad final y la necesidad hipotética.
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Alcance y política de citación
Este es un aparato seleccionado pero recuperable por afirmación, no una lista de todo lo consultado. Destaca los textos primarios y las fuentes metodológicas, filosóficas, históricas, científicas, clínicas e institucionales que sostienen la arquitectura rectora del DDF o sus afirmaciones públicas de mayor riesgo. La inclusión aquí no iguala en autoridad fuentes diferentes. La Escritura gobierna la doctrina cristiana; las herramientas de lenguas originales aclaran los textos; las fuentes cristianas tempranas y conciliares dan testimonio de la recepción y el límite doctrinal; las fuentes históricas y empíricas describen sus campos propios; las fuentes filosóficas aclaran y comparan argumentos; y los documentos de orientación gobiernan solo las prácticas dentro del alcance que declaran.
Toda cita local de una afirmación que permanezca debe poder recuperarse en el primer uso. El primer uso debe proporcionar los metadatos completos localmente o emplear una clave inequívoca de autor y título corto cuyo título completo, edición o versión, fecha, editorial o revista, y DOI o URL estable aparezcan en este aparato. Las fuentes patrísticas también requieren la obra y el locus. Los informes, directrices, conjuntos de datos, fichas de sistema y recursos web que cambian con rapidez requieren la fecha exacta de publicación o revisión y una fecha de verificación en la nota local o el aparato. Una cadena de apellidos, el nombre de una organización, un campo de investigación, una página de inicio o el nombre de una enciclopedia sin una entrada exacta e inequívoca no es una cita. Este aparato central puede contener metadatos bibliográficos repetidos para que las Fichas de afirmación sigan siendo analíticas en vez de convertirse en bibliografías duplicadas. El campo de fuentes locales de una Ficha de afirmación todavía debe emparejar cada fuente o grupo de fuentes con la labor precisa que realiza.
Para la pasada final de fuentes, se volvieron a comprobar el 11 de julio de 2026 las URL activas adjuntas a entradas añadidas o modificadas materialmente aquí. Una fecha de "Verified" registra solo esa comprobación del enlace; nunca reemplaza la fecha de edición, publicación, lanzamiento, revisión o adopción de la obra, que sigue formando parte del registro bibliográfico.
Las fuentes no incorporadas a este aparato seleccionado siguen siendo legítimas solo cuando la nota local exacta de la afirmación contiene el rastreo completo. En cada edición o lanzamiento deben volver a comprobarse todas las fuentes fechadas, reemplazarse o archivarse los enlaces muertos e identificarse toda edición, lanzamiento, directriz o ficha de sistema que haya cambiado. Cuando una fuente no puede recuperarse con exactitud, la afirmación dependiente debe restringirse, recibir nuevas fuentes o eliminarse en vez de apoyarse en metadatos reconstruidos.
Escritura, testigos textuales y herramientas léxicas
Aland, Barbara, Kurt Aland, Johannes Karavidopoulos, Carlo M. Martini, and Bruce M. Metzger, eds. Novum Testamentum Graece. 28th rev.\ ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2012. Citado como NA28.
Bauer, Walter, Frederick W. Danker, William F. Arndt, and F. Wilbur Gingrich. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000. Citado como BDAG.
Brown, Francis, S. R. Driver, and Charles A. Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1907. Citado como BDB; véanse las entradas exactas nombradas en las notas locales de las afirmaciones.
Elliger, Karl, and Wilhelm Rudolph, eds. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. 5th corrected ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997. Citado como BHS.
Holmes, Michael W., ed. The Greek New Testament: SBL Edition. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature; Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2010. https://www.sblgnt.com/. Citado como SBLGNT.
Koehler, Ludwig, and Walter Baumgartner. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Revised by Walter Baumgartner and Johann Jakob Stamm. Translated and edited under the supervision of M. E. J. Richardson. 5 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1994--2000. Citado como HALOT.
Liddell, H. G., Robert Scott, and Henry Stuart Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th ed.\ with revised supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Citado como LSJ; véanse las entradas exactas nombradas en las notas locales de las afirmaciones.
Rahlfs, Alfred, and Robert Hanhart, eds. Septuaginta: Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes. 2nd rev.\ ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 2006. Véase Wisdom of Solomon 1--3 para el testimonio judío antiguo sobre creación, incorrupción, muerte y juicio usado en la síntesis sobre el infierno.
Nickelsburg, George W. E., and James C. VanderKam. 1 Enoch: The Hermeneia Translation. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2012. Véanse 22 y 27 para las condiciones diferenciadas de los muertos que aguardan el juicio y el valle maldito.
García Martínez, Florentino, and Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar, eds. and trans. The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition. 2 vols. Leiden: Brill, 1997--1998. Véase 1QS III.13--IV.26 para los Dos Espíritus, la formación, la visitación, la purificación, el sufrimiento y la destrucción.
Stone, Michael E. Fourth Ezra: A Commentary on the Book of Fourth Ezra. Hermeneia. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1990. Véanse 7:26--44 y 7:75--101 para la muerte, la revelación intermedia, la resurrección, el juicio, la retribución y el mundo venidero; la obra sobrevive mediante versiones antiguas y no mediante un original hebreo o griego completo conservado.
Klijn, A. F. J. "2 (Syriac Apocalypse of) Baruch: A New Translation and Introduction." In The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, vol. 1, Apocalyptic Literature and Testaments, edited by James H. Charlesworth, 615--652. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1983. Véanse 49--51 para una restauración encarnada reconocible seguida de transformación.
Philo of Alexandria. Every Good Man Is Free. In Philo, vol. 9, translated by F. H. Colson. Loeb Classical Library 363. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1941. Véanse 75--91 para el rechazo atribuido a los esenios de la tenencia de esclavos.
Frayer-Griggs, Daniel. "Neither Proof Text nor Proverb: The Instrumental Sense of διά and the Soteriological Function of Fire in 1 Corinthians 3.15." New Testament Studies 59, no. 4 (2013): 517--534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0028688513000167.
Institut f\"ur Neutestamentliche Textforschung. Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testaments and New Testament Virtual Manuscript Room. M\"unster: University of M\"unster. https://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Fuentes cristianas tempranas, patrísticas y conciliares
Athanasius of Alexandria. Against the Heathen. In Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by Robert W. Thomson. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Véanse 2--11 y 40--42.
Athanasius of Alexandria. Defence of the Nicene Definition (De Decretis). Translated by John Henry Newman and Archibald Robertson. In Select Works and Letters, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 18--24 y 32. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2809.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Athanasius of Alexandria. The Life of Antony and the Letter to Marcellinus. Translated with introduction by Robert C. Gregg. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1980. Véanse Life of Antony 22--43 y Letter to Marcellinus 12 y 27--29.
Athanasius of Alexandria. De Incarnatione (On the Incarnation). In Contra Gentes and De Incarnatione, edited and translated by Robert W. Thomson. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971. Véanse 3--10, 20--30, 41--45 y 54. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2802.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Athenagoras of Athens. Legatio and De Resurrectione. Edited and translated by William R. Schoedel. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972. Véase la atribución segura de Plea for the Christians 31 y 36. Véase también On the Resurrection of the Dead 12--25, citada en este manuscrito como Pseudo-Athenagoras porque la autoría del tratado sobre la resurrección sigue siendo controvertida.
Grant, Robert M. "Athenagoras or Pseudo-Athenagoras." Harvard Theological Review 47, no. 2 (1954): 121--129. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0017816000027528. Usado para señalar, no para resolver silenciosamente, la autoría controvertida de De Resurrectione.
Arnobius of Sicca. The Case Against the Pagans. Translated by George E. McCracken. Ancient Christian Writers 7--8. Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1949. Véase II.14 para el castigo consciente prolongado que culmina en "real death." Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/06312.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. Against Faustus. Translated by Richard Stothert. In St. Augustin: The Writings against the Manichaeans and against the Donatists. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 4. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse XXII.74--79.
Augustine of Hippo. Confessions. Translated by Henry Chadwick. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. Véanse I.1.1; X.6.8; X.8.12--25.36; y X.27.38.
Augustine of Hippo. Expositions on the Book of Psalms. Abridged from the Oxford translation and edited by A. Cleveland Coxe. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 94.2 y 140.2--4.
Augustine of Hippo. The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope, and Love. Translated by J. F. Shaw. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 3, edited by Philip Schaff. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1887; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 68--69 para el límite de Cristo como fundamento respecto de la salvación a través del fuego.
Augustine of Hippo. On Grace and Free Choice. In Augustine: On the Free Choice of the Will, On Grace and Free Choice, and Other Writings, edited and translated by Peter King. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Véanse 2--4 y 30--33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511844720.010.
Augustine of Hippo. On the Trinity. Translated by Edmund Hill. The Works of Saint Augustine I/5. Brooklyn, NY: New City Press, 1991. Véanse I.4.7, II.5.7 y IV.20.27.
Augustine of Hippo. The Nature of the Good. In The Manichean Debate, translated, introduced, and annotated by Roland Teske; edited by Boniface Ramsey. The Works of Saint Augustine I/19. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-56548-247-0. Véanse 1--4. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1407.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Augustine of Hippo. The City of God against the Pagans. Edited and translated by R. W. Dyson. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Véanse XII.6--9; XV.22; XXI.9, 17, 23 y 26; y XXII.30.
Augustine of Hippo. Teaching Christianity (De doctrina christiana). Translated by Edmund Hill. The Works of Saint Augustine I/11. Hyde Park, NY: New City Press, 1996. Véanse I.22--27.
Augustine of Hippo. Tractates on the Gospel of John. Translated by John Gibb. In St. Augustin: Homilies on the Gospel of John; Homilies on the First Epistle of John; Soliloquies. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 7. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase el tratado 80.3.
Basil of Caesarea. On the Holy Spirit. In Letters and Select Works, translated by Blomfield Jackson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse 15--18. Véanse también 27.65--67.
Basil of Caesarea. Hexaemeron. In Letters and Select Works, translated by Blomfield Jackson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 8. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse VIII.2--7 e IX.2--5.
Clement of Alexandria. Christ the Educator (Paedagogus). Translated by Simon P. Wood. Fathers of the Church 23. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1954; reprinted 2008. Véanse I.1--3, I.8--10 y los loci locales de las afirmaciones en II--III. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0209.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Clement of Alexandria. The Stromata. Translated by William Wilson. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse I.27, V.4, VI.6 y VII.16 para el castigo como corrección, Cristo y la fe como fundamento, las adiciones combustibles, la predicación post mortem, el arrepentimiento bajo juicio y la salvación del universo. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0210.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Council of Nicaea I. Creed of Nicaea (AD 325), and Council of Constantinople I. Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed (AD 381). In Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990.
Council of Chalcedon. Definition of Faith (AD 451). In Norman P. Tanner, ed., Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. 2 vols. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1990. Texto público griego e inglés: https://earlychurchtexts.com/public/chalcedonian_definition.htm. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Cyril of Jerusalem. Lectures on the Christian Sacraments: The Procatechesis and the Five Mystagogical Catecheses. Greek text and English translation by Maxwell E. Johnson. Popular Patristics Series 57. Yonkers, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2017.
Cyprian of Carthage. On the Unity of the Catholic Church. In Saint Cyprian: Treatises, translated by Roy J. Deferrari. Fathers of the Church 36. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1958. Véanse 4--5.
Gregory of Nazianzus. On God and Christ: The Five Theological Orations and Two Letters to Cledonius. Translated by Frederick Williams and Lionel Wickham. Popular Patristics Series 23. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2002. Véanse Theological Orations 29.2--3 y 31.14--16, 25--29.
Gregory of Nazianzus. Festal Orations. Translated with introduction and commentary by Nonna Verna Harrison. Popular Patristics Series 36. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 2008. Véase Oration 39.19 para el bautismo final de fuego que consume el rastrojo del mal.
Gregory of Nyssa. Dogmatic Treatises, Etc., translated by William Moore and Henry Austin Wilson. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 5. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase To Ablabius: That There Are Not Three Gods, pp. 331--336, para una sola operación divina; On the Making of Man 8, 16 y 27--30 para la humanidad encarnada; y The Great Catechism 5--8, 26 y 35 para la creación, el mal, el juicio, la purificación y la restauración; véase también On the Soul and the Resurrection para el relato del oro y la aleación sobre la eliminación del mal.
Gregory of Nyssa. The Life of Moses. Translated by Abraham J. Malherbe and Everett Ferguson. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1978. Véanse II.91--100.
Gregory of Nyssa. Homilies on Ecclesiastes: An English Version with Supporting Studies. Homilies translated by Stuart George Hall and Rachel Moriarty; edited by Stuart George Hall. Proceedings of the Seventh International Colloquium on Gregory of Nyssa. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993. Véase la Homilía IV para el ataque de Gregory a la propiedad de esclavos.
Holmes, Michael W., ed.\ and trans.\ The Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic, 2007. Véanse Didache 1--16; Epistle of Barnabas 20--21; 1 Clement 3, 13--21, 40--44 y 51--59; Ignatius, Ephesians 7, 16--18 y 20, Magnesians 6--7 y Smyrnaeans 1--3 y 7--8; y Polycarp, Philippians 1--12, con Martyrdom of Polycarp 2 y 11; véase también 2 Clement 17.7.
Irenaeus of Lyons. Against Heresies. Translated by Alexander Roberts and William Rambaut. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; revised and chronologically arranged by A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Los loci estructurales incluyen I.9.4 e I.10.1--3; II.30.9 y II.34.2--4; III.3.1--4, III.18, III.23 y III.24.1; IV.18.5, IV.20, IV.37--38; V.1, V.2.2--3, V.6.1, V.21, V.27 y V.31--36. Colección de textos públicos: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Irenaeus of Lyons. On the Apostolic Preaching. Translated by John Behr. Popular Patristics Series 17. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press, 1997. Véanse 3--8 y 31--42.
John Cassian. The Conferences. Translated by Boniface Ramsey. Ancient Christian Writers 57. New York: Paulist Press, 1997. Véase Conference 2.1--4, 9--10 y 16.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on the Epistles of Paul to the Corinthians. Translated by Talbot W. Chambers. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 12. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase Homily 9 on First Corinthians para la lectura de 1 Corintios 3:15 como preservación en fuego punitivo. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/220109.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
John Chrysostom. Homilies on Philemon. In Saint Chrysostom: Homilies on Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians, Timothy, Titus, and Philemon, translated by Gross Alexander. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, First Series, vol. 13. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véanse las homilías 1--3.
John of Damascus. An Exact Exposition of the Orthodox Faith. In Writings, translated by Frederic H. Chase Jr. Fathers of the Church 37. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1958. Véase I.8.
Justin Martyr. Justin, Philosopher and Martyr: Apologies. Edited and translated by Denis Minns and Paul Parvis. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. Véase First Apology 8, 17, 52, 61 y 65--67 para la resurrección encarnada, la sensibilidad continua, el castigo eterno, la responsabilidad diferenciada, el juicio, el bautismo, la Eucaristía y el culto; véase también 46; y Second Apology 6, 8, 10 y 13. Textos públicos: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0126.htm y https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0127.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Melito of Sardis. On Pascha and Fragments. Introduction and translation by Stuart George Hall. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979. Véase On Pascha 47--71 y 100--105.
Maximus the Confessor. On Difficulties in the Church Fathers: The Ambigua. Translated by Nicholas Constas. 2 vols. Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library 28--29. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014. Véase Ambiguum 7.
Origen. Homilies on Joshua. Translated by Barbara J. Bruce; edited by Cynthia White. Fathers of the Church 105. Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2002. Véanse 1.1--3 y 15.1--3.
Origen. Contra Celsum. Translated by Henry Chadwick. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953. Véanse II.51--52 para la señal y la magia; IV.13 para el consumo de las obras malvadas y el refinamiento de la naturaleza racional; y VIII.72 para la victoria del Logos y la sanidad de las criaturas racionales.
Origen. On First Principles. Edited and translated by John Behr. 2 vols. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. Véanse I.6.1--3, II.10.1--8 y III.6.
Pseudo-Dionysius. Pseudo-Dionysius: The Complete Works. Translated by Colm Luibheid. Classics of Western Spirituality. New York: Paulist Press, 1987. Véanse Divine Names IV.7 y Mystical Theology I.1--3.
Tatian. Address to the Greeks. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 2, edited by Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, and A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase 13 para la inmortalidad no autónoma, la resurrección corporal y "death by punishment in immortality." Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0202.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Tertullian. De carne Christi liber: Tertullian's Treatise on the Incarnation. Text edited with introduction, translation, and commentary by Ernest Evans. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1956. Véase On the Flesh of Christ 5 y 20--25. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0315.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Tertullian. Apology. With an English translation by T. R. Glover. In Tertullian: Apology and De Spectaculis; Minucius Felix: Octavius. Loeb Classical Library 250. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, 1931. Véase 23 para la afirmación pública cristiana temprana de que los poderes hostiles estaban sujetos al nombre de Cristo, y 18 y 48 para la resurrección y el juicio. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0301.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Tertullian. The Prescription Against Heretics. Translated by Peter Holmes. In The Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 3, edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson; revised and chronologically arranged by A. Cleveland Coxe. Buffalo, NY: Christian Literature Publishing Co., 1885; reprint, Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1994. Véase 13. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0311.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Theophilus of Antioch. Ad Autolycum (To Autolycus). Edited and translated by Robert M. Grant. Oxford Early Christian Texts. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970. Véanse II.15, II.22 y II.24--27. Texto público del Libro II: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02042.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Third Council of Constantinople. Definition of Faith (AD 680--681). In The Seven Ecumenical Councils of the Undivided Church, translated by Henry R. Percival. Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Second Series, vol. 14. Texto público: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3813.htm. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Vincent of L\'erins. Commonitories. Translated by Rudolph E. Morris. In Niceta of Remesiana: Writings; Sulpicius Severus: Writings; Vincent of Lerins: Commonitories; Prosper of Aquitaine: Grace and Free Will. Fathers of the Church 7. New York: Fathers of the Church, 1949. Véase Commonitory 2.5--6 y 23.50--59.
Estudios bíblicos y teológicos
Adams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999; paperback edition, 2000.
Bauckham, Richard. The Theology of the Book of Revelation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511819858.
Brownson, James V. Bible, Gender, Sexuality: Reframing the Church's Debate on Same-Sex Relationships. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2013. Registro editorial: https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802868633/bible-gender-sexuality/. Verificado el 19 de julio de 2026.
Brueggemann, Walter. The Message of the Psalms: A Theological Commentary. Augsburg Old Testament Studies. Minneapolis, MN: Augsburg Publishing House, 1984.
Clines, David J. A. "The Image of God in Man." Tyndale Bulletin 19, no. 1 (1968): 53--103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53751/001c.30671.
Collins, John J. The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2016.
Friesen, Steven J. Imperial Cults and the Apocalypse of John: Reading Revelation in the Ruins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Gagnon, Robert A. J. The Bible and Homosexual Practice: Texts and Hermeneutics. Nashville, TN: Abingdon Press, 2001. Registro editorial: https://www.abingdonpress.com/product/9780687022793/. Verificado el 19 de julio de 2026.
Gorman, Michael J. Cruciformity: Paul's Narrative Spirituality of the Cross. 20th anniversary ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2021; original edition, 2001.
Hick, John. An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent. 2nd ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005.
Koester, Craig R. Revelation: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Yale Bible 38A. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014.
Kraybill, J. Nelson. Imperial Cult and Commerce in John's Apocalypse. Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series 132. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1996.
Linzey, Andrew. Animal Theology. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995; first published by SCM Press, 1994.
Loader, William. The New Testament on Sexuality. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012. Registro editorial: https://www.eerdmans.com/9780802867247/the-new-testament-on-sexuality/. Verificado el 19 de julio de 2026.
Loader, William. Same-Sex Relationships: A 1st-Century Perspective. HTS Theological Studies 70, n.º 1 (2014): artículo 2114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v70i1.2114.
Martin, Dale B. Arsenokoit\^ e s and Malakos: Meanings and Consequences. En Biblical Ethics and Homosexuality: Listening to Scripture, editado por Robert L. Brawley, 117--136. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox, 1996.
Milgrom, Jacob. Leviticus 1--16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Anchor Bible 3. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
Middleton, J. Richard. "The Liberating Image? Interpreting the Imago Dei in Context." Christian Scholar's Review 24, no. 1 (1994): 8--25.
Moltmann, J\"urgen. Theology of Hope: On the Ground and the Implications of a Christian Eschatology. Translated by James W. Leitch. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
Southgate, Christopher. The Groaning of Creation: God, Evolution, and the Problem of Evil. Louisville, KY: Westminster John Knox Press, 2008.
Stump, Eleonore. Wandering in Darkness: Narrative and the Problem of Suffering. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199277421.001.0001.
Wright, Christopher J. H. Old Testament Ethics for the People of God. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2004.
Wright, N. T. Jesus and the Victory of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 2. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 1996.
Wright, N. T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Christian Origins and the Question of God 3. Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2003.
Método, filosofía, argumento histórico y relatos rivales
Aristotle. De Anima (On the Soul). Translated by J. A. Smith. In The Works of Aristotle. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1931.
Aristotle. Physics. Translated by Robin Waterfield; introduction and notes by David Bostock. Oxford World's Classics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. Véanse II.3 y II.7--9 sobre las cuatro causas, la causalidad final y la necesidad hipotética.
Aquinas, Thomas. Summa Theologiae, I, q.5, a.4, ad 1 sobre la relación de la belleza con el bien; I, q.22 sobre la providencia; I, q.39, a.8 sobre la integridad, la proporción o armonía y la claridad como condiciones nombradas en las cosas bellas; I, q.44, a.4 sobre Dios como causa final de todas las cosas; I, q.104, aa.1--4 sobre la conservación divina y las causas creadas; y II--II, q.83 sobre la oración. Translation of the Fathers of the English Dominican Province, 2nd rev. ed., 1920. Textos públicos: https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1005.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1022.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1039.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1044.htm, https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1104.htm, and https://www.newadvent.org/summa/3083.htm. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
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enciclopédicos, metodológicos y públicos de relatos rivales. Estas entradas orientan la comparación y no reemplazan a los proponentes primarios cuando se examina una escuela o un pensador específico. Las fechas de primera publicación y revisión sustantiva que siguen son las comunicadas por la entrada referenciada; "verified" registra la última comprobación por el DDF de la página activa o el archivo nombrado.
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Lutz, Matthew. "Moral Naturalism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published June 1, 2006; substantive revision June 12, 2024. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism-moral/. Verified July 11, 2026.
McKenna, Michael, and D. Justin Coates. "Compatibilism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published April 26, 2004; substantive revision April 16, 2024. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/compatibilism/. Verified July 11, 2026.
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O'Connor, Timothy. "Emergent Properties." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published August 10, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/properties-emergent/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Papineau, David. "Naturalism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published February 22, 2007; substantive revision March 31, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/naturalism/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Perrine, Timothy. "Skeptical Theism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published January 13, 2023. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/skeptical-theism/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Reck, Erich, and Georg Schiemer. "Structuralism in the Philosophy of Mathematics." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published November 18, 2019; substantive revision September 17, 2025. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/structuralism-mathematics/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Robb, David. "Moral Responsibility and the Principle of Alternative Possibilities." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published July 9, 2020. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/alternative-possibilities/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Schickore, Jutta. "Scientific Discovery." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published March 6, 2014; substantive revision October 31, 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-discovery/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Seibt, Johanna. "Process Philosophy." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published October 15, 2012; substantive revision May 26, 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/process-philosophy/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Sequoiah-Grayson, Sebastian, and Luciano Floridi. "Semantic Conceptions of Information." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published October 5, 2005; substantive revision January 14, 2022. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/information-semantic/. Verified July 11, 2026.
Stoljar, Daniel. "Physicalism." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published February 13, 2001; substantive revision May 25, 2021. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/physicalism/. Verified July 11, 2026.
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Talbott, Thomas. "Heaven and Hell in Christian Thought." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. First published April 23, 2013; substantive revision May 10, 2025. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heaven-hell/. Verified July 11, 2026.
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Historia pública y transmisión textual
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Ehrman, Bart D. Did Jesus Exist? The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth. New York: HarperOne, 2012.
Josephus, Flavius. Jewish Antiquities. Translated by Louis H. Feldman. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1965. Véanse XVIII.63--64 y XX.200.
Killebrew, Ann E. Biblical Peoples and Ethnicity: An Archaeological Study of Egyptians, Canaanites, Philistines, and Early Israel, 1300--1100 B.C.E. Archaeology and Biblical Studies 9. Atlanta, GA: Society of Biblical Literature, 2005. ISBN 978-1-58983-097-4.
Lichtheim, Miriam. Ancient Egyptian Literature. Vol. 2, The New Kingdom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976. Véanse 73--78 para la retórica de victoria de la Estela de Merneptah.
Roth, Martha T. Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor. 2nd ed. Writings from the Ancient World 6. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997. Véanse las Leyes de Hammurabi 15--20 y 117 para comparar al esclavo fugitivo y el servicio por deudas.
Smelik, K. A. D., trans. "Moabite Inscriptions: The Inscription of King Mesha (2.23)." In The Context of Scripture, vol. 2, Monumental Inscriptions from the Biblical World, edited by William W. Hallo and K. Lawson Younger Jr., 137--138. Leiden: Brill, 2000. Registro del volumen en Brill: https://brill.com/abstract/title/1773?language=en. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026. Usado como evidencia comparativa posterior de la Edad del Hierro para la retórica de guerra real y חֵרֶם, no como evidencia directa de Josué.
Meier, John P. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus. Vol. 1. New York: Doubleday, 1991.
Pliny the Younger. Letters. Translated by William Melmoth; revised by W. M. L. Hutchinson. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1927. Véanse X.96--97.
Sanders, E. P. The Historical Figure of Jesus. London: Penguin, 1993.
Tacitus. The Annals. Translated by John Jackson. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1937. Véase XV.44.
Younger, K. Lawson, Jr. Ancient Conquest Accounts: A Study in Ancient Near Eastern and Biblical History Writing. Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 98. Sheffield: JSOT Press, 1990. ISBN 1-85075-252-4.
Zapata-Meza, Marcela, Andrea Garza D\'iaz Barriga, and Rosaura Sanz-Rinc\'on. "The Magdala Archaeological Project (2010--2012): A Preliminary Report of the Excavations at Migdal." 'Atiqot 90 (2018): 83--126. DOI: https://doi.org/10.70967/2948-040X.1829. Registro de Israel Antiquities Authority: https://publications.iaa.org.il/atiqot/vol90/iss1/7/. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Física, cosmología, matemáticas, información y biología
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Birch, Jonathan, Charlotte Burn, Alexandra Schnell, Heather Browning, and Andrew Crump. Review of the Evidence of Sentience in Cephalopod Molluscs and Decapod Crustaceans. London: LSE Consulting, LSE Enterprise Ltd, London School of Economics and Political Science, November 2021. Registro del repositorio institucional: https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/115994. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Blount, Zachary D., Jeffrey E. Barrick, Carla J. Davidson, and Richard E. Lenski. "Genomic Analysis of a Key Innovation in an Experimental Escherichia coli Population." Nature 489 (2012): 513--518. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11514.
Bodien, Yelena G., et al. "Cognitive Motor Dissociation in Disorders of Consciousness." New England Journal of Medicine 391 (2024): 598--608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2400645.
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Carvunis, Anne-Ruxandra, et al. "Proto-genes and De Novo Gene Birth." Nature 487 (2012): 370--374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11184.
Bekenstein, Jacob D. "Black Holes and Entropy." Physical Review D 7, no. 8 (1973): 2333--2346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.7.2333.
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Cogitate Consortium, Oscar Ferrante, Urszula Gorska-Klimowska, et al. "Adversarial Testing of Global Neuronal Workspace and Integrated Information Theories of Consciousness." Nature 642 (2025): 133--142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-08888-1.
Collinet, Claudio, and Thomas Lecuit. "Programmed and Self-Organized Flow of Information during Morphogenesis." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 22 (2021): 245--265. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41580-020-00318-6.
Crook, Robyn J. Behavioral and Neurophysiological Evidence Suggests Affective Pain Experience in Octopus. iScience 24, no. 3 (2021): 102229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102229.
DESI Collaboration. "DESI 2024 VI: Cosmological Constraints from the Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations." arXiv:2404.03002v3, revised November 4, 2024; Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 02 (2025): 021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2025/02/021. https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.03002. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
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ENCODE Project Consortium. "Expanded Encyclopaedias of DNA Elements in the Human and Mouse Genomes." Nature 583, no. 7818 (2020): 699--710. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2493-4.
Green, Theodore, Paul R. Renne, and C. Brenhin Keller. Continental Flood Basalts Drive Phanerozoic Extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 38 (2022): e2120441119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2120441119.
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Kolchinsky, Artemy, and David H. Wolpert. "Semantic Information, Autonomous Agency and Non-equilibrium Statistical Physics." Interface Focus 8, no. 6 (2018): 20180041. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0041.
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Klompmaker, Adi\"el A., Patricia H. Kelley, Devapriya Chattopadhyay, Jeff C. Clements, John Warren Huntley, and Michal Kowalewski. Predation in the Marine Fossil Record: Studies, Data, Recognition, Environmental Factors, and Behavior. Earth-Science Reviews 194 (2019): 472--520. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.02.020.
Koonin, Eugene V., and Artem S. Novozhilov. "Origin and Evolution of the Genetic Code: The Universal Enigma." IUBMB Life 61, no. 2 (2009): 99--111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/iub.146.
Landauer, Rolf. "Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process." IBM Journal of Research and Development 5, no. 3 (1961): 183--191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1147/rd.53.0183.
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L\'opez-Ot\'in, Carlos, Maria A. Blasco, Linda Partridge, Manuel Serrano, and Guido Kroemer. "Hallmarks of Aging: An Expanding Universe." Cell 186 (2023): 243--278. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.11.001.
Maldacena, Juan. "The Large-N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity." Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 2, no. 2 (1998): 231--252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4310/ATMP.1998.v2.n2.a1.
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Paige, Jonathan, and Charles Perreault. "3.3 Million Years of Stone Tool Complexity Suggests That Cumulative Culture Began during the Middle Pleistocene." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 121 (2024): e2319175121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2319175121.
Planck Collaboration. "Planck 2018 Results. VI. Cosmological Parameters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 641 (2020): A6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910.
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Schlosshauer, Maximilian. "Decoherence, the Measurement Problem, and Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics." Reviews of Modern Physics 76 (2005): 1267--1305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.76.1267.
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Inteligencia artificial, modelos y gobernanza técnica
Bai, Yuntao, et al. "Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback." arXiv:2212.08073 (2022). https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.08073.
Bengio, Yoshua, J\'er\^ome Louradour, Ronan Collobert, and Jason Weston. "Curriculum Learning." In Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Machine Learning, 41--48. 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/1553374.1553380.
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Hubinger, Evan, Carson Denison, Jesse Mu, et al. "Sleeper Agents: Training Deceptive LLMs that Persist through Safety Training." arXiv:2401.05566 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2401.05566.
Kaplan, Jared, et al. "Scaling Laws for Neural Language Models." arXiv:2001.08361 (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2001.08361.
Luo, Yun, Zhen Yang, Fandong Meng, Yafu Li, Jie Zhou, and Yue Zhang. "An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-tuning." arXiv:2308.08747 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.08747.
National Institute of Standards and Technology. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0). NIST AI 100-1. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST, January 26, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.100-1. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Autio, Chloe, Reva Schwartz, Jesse Dunietz, Shomik Jain, Martin Stanley, Elham Tabassi, Patrick Hall, and Kamie Roberts. Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework: Generative Artificial Intelligence Profile. NIST AI 600-1. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 26, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.AI.600-1. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
OpenAI. "GPT-4 Technical Report." arXiv:2303.08774. Submitted March 15, 2023; version 6 revised March 4, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2303.08774. https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.08774. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
OpenAI. OpenAI o3 and o4-mini System Card. April 16, 2025. https://openai.com/index/o3-o4-mini-system-card/. Verificado el 19 de mayo de 2026.
Ouyang, Long, et al. "Training Language Models to Follow Instructions with Human Feedback." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35 (2022): 27730--27744. https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/b1efde53be364a73914f58805a001731-Abstract.html.
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Vaswani, Ashish, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan N. Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin. "Attention Is All You Need." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 30 (2017). arXiv:1706.03762. https://papers.neurips.cc/paper/7181-attention-is-all-you-need.
Datos públicos, salud, trabajo y gobernanza digital
Boeckl, Katie, and Naomi Lefkovitz. NIST Privacy Framework: A Tool for Improving Privacy Through Enterprise Risk Management, Version 1.0. NIST CSWP 01162020. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, January 16, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.CSWP.01162020. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Diamond, Rebecca, Tim McQuade, and Franklin Qian. "The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco." American Economic Review 109, no. 9 (2019): 3365--3394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181289.
European Parliament and Council. Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 of October 19, 2022, on a Single Market for Digital Services and amending Directive 2000/31/EC (Digital Services Act). Official Journal of the European Union L 277 (October 27, 2022): 1--102. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024: Financing to End Hunger, Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in All Its Forms. Rome: FAO, 2024. ISBN 978-92-5-138882-2. Released July 24, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4060/cd1254en. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
Gmyrek, Paweł, Janine Berg, Karol Kamiński, Filip Konopczyński, Agnieszka Ładna, Balint Nafradi, Konrad Rosłaniec, and Marek Troszyński. Generative AI and Jobs: A Refined Global Index of Occupational Exposure. ILO Working Paper 140. Geneva: International Labour Organization, May 20, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54394/HETP0387. Verificado el 11 de julio de 2026.
High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition. Food Security and Nutrition: Building a Global Narrative towards 2030. HLPE Report 15. Rome: Committee on World Food Security, 2020. https://openknowledge.fao.org/handle/20.500.14283/ca9731en.
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